Wb ua tiag -transformers tsis magically hloov tag nrho cov input zog rau hauv cov zis muaj txiaj ntsig. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, paub meej, tab sis ib txwm muaj qee lub zog uas tau "soaked" thiab tig mus rau hauv tshav kub. Qhov kub ntawd feem ntau yog los ntawm ob lub thoob loj ntawm kev poob:
Core losses (hlau losses)
Copper losses (winding losses)
Yog tias koj nkag siab cov kev poob no, koj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua nrogefficiency, thermal tsim, thiabcov nqi khiav. Thiab ncaj ncees, kev poob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis yog ib qho theoretical xwb- cov kev poob ncaj qha cuam tshuam koj npaum li cas koj them thiab ntev npaum li cas cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo.
Hom Transformer Losses
Core Losses (Tsis muaj-Load Losses)
Core poob feem ntau muaj txawm tias thaum lub tshuab hloov pauv tsis hnyav hnyav. Yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li hu uatsis muaj -load poob-lawv nyobncaj ncees tsis tu ncuanrog load.
Kev poob tseem ceeb feem ntau suav nrog:
Hysteresis poob: lub zog siv los ua kom flipping cov hlau nplaum nyob ib puag ncig hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb
Eddy tam sim no poob: tam sim no induced nyob rau hauv lub laminations, uas kuj tig mus rau hauv tshav kub
Yuav ntsuas qhov poob qhov tseem ceeb li cas?
Lawv ntsuas siv covQhib Circuit (OC) test:
Rated voltage yog siv rau lub hauv paus
Qhov thib ob yog sab laugqhib -circuited
Kev nyeem ntawv wattmeter muab koj qhov poob, feem ntau yog sau li
Kwv yees qhov tseem ceeb - poob kev sib raug zoo
Cov engineers feem ntau siv cov qauv yooj yim zoo li no (zoo rau kev nkag siab zoo, tab sis cov transformers tiag tiag yeej tsis "zoo meej"):
Qhov twg:
Copper Losses (Load Losses)
Kev poob tooj liab tshwm sim vim tias tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov windings. Thiab thaum twg tam sim no ntws los ntawm kev tiv thaiv, koj tau txais cua sov-classic
.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:tooj liab poob loj hlob nrog lub square ntawm load tam sim no, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem nce nrawm thaum lub transformer loaded ntau hnyav.
Kev ntsuas tooj liab li cas?
Lawv nyob nraum pom siv lubLuv Circuit Court (SC) test:
Ib qho winding yog luv
Voltage yog maj mam siv rau lwm qhov winding kom txog thaum ntsuas tam sim no circulates
Lub wattmeter nyeem ntawv yog qhovpuv -load tooj liab poob, feem ntau hu ua
Copper poob ntawm txhua qib load
Yog hais tias lub load tam sim no
thiab qhov ntsuas tam sim no yog
, ces:
Yog li yog-yog tias koj thauj cov transformer rau 50%, tooj liab poob tsis halve; lawv poob mus txog ib lub hlis twg. Qhov ntawd yog qhov "square" nyhuv ua nws li.
Transformer Efficiency xam xam
Transformer efficiency qhia koj ntau npaum li cas muaj txiaj ntsig lub zog koj tau tawm, piv rau qhov koj siv nrog rau kev poob:
Ib txoj hauv kev siv tau ntau dua (siv kVA, PF, thiab cov khoom seem)
Nyob rau hauv tiag tiag - ntiaj teb kev suav, nws yog ib qho uas siv kVA rating thiab lub hwj chim factor (PF). Ib daim ntawv siv tau yog:
Thaum twg efficiency siab?
Peak efficiency feem ntau tshwm sim thaum:
Thiab nyob rau hauv ntau lub transformers, uas "qab zib" feem ntau tsaws ib ncig50-70% ntawm tag nrho cov load. (Tsis yog txoj cai ntawm xwm, tab sis nws yog ib qho qauv.)
Piv txwv ua haujlwm (Ua Haujlwm Scenario)
Wb hais tias peb muaj ib tug500 kVA ua, 11 kV / 415 Vfaib transformer nrog cov chaw tsim khoom kuaj cov ntaub ntawv:
Copper poob ntawm ib qho load
Yog hais tias lub load yog
, ces:
Piv txwv li, ntawm 50% load:
Qhov ntawd zoo nkauj ze rau cov tub ntxhais poob (1.8 kW), uas piav qhia vim li cas qhov kev ua tau zoo feem ntau siab tshaj nyob ib puag ncig qhov chaw thau khoom.
Poob thiab Ua tau zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv (Unity PF)
(Siv kev sib koom siab PF raws li hauv koj qhov piv txwv qub.)
| Load (%) | Load kVA | Copper poob (kW) | Tag nrho cov poob (kW) | Cov zis (kW) | Kev ua tau zoo (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 125 | 0.39 | 2.19 | 125 | 98.27 |
| 50 | 250 | 1.55 | 3.35 | 250 | 98.68 |
| 75 | 375 | 3.49 | 5.29 | 375 | 98.61 |
| 100 | 500 | 6.20 | 8.00 | 500 | 98.43 |
Tej yam uas cuam tshuam rau Transformer poob
Kev poob tsis yog "tshwm sim" -lawv tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm, xws li:
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua (xws li qib siab - qib silicon steel lossis amorphous alloys) feem ntau txo qis hysteresis.
Design flux ceev
qis
pab cov tub ntxhais poob -tab sis nws yuav xav tau ntau qhov tseem ceeb.
Winding kuj
Thicker conductors / qis kuj feem ntau txo cov tooj liab poob.
Kub
Tsis kam nce nrog qhov kub thiab txias, yog li tooj liab poob nce ib yam nkaus. (Feem ntau kho rau tus qauv, zoo li 75 degree, nyob ntawm IEC / IEEE cov lus pom zoo.)
Harmonics nyob rau hauv lub load
Tsis yog -linear loads tuaj yeem ntxiv eddy tam sim no thiab stray losses-yog li qhov "qhov poob tiag" tuaj yeem ua phem dua li qhov koj xav tau nrog cov khoom zoo huv si sinusoidal.
Yam Kev Loss Distribution (Rule of Thumb)
Ntau hom / qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm transformers feem ntau faib losses sib txawv. Ib qho kev qhia ntxhib feem ntau yog:
Me me transformerscore poob yuav yog ~ 25-40%, tooj liab ~ 60-75%
Fais fab (loj) transformerscore poob ~ 30-50%, tooj liab ~ 50-70%
Ntxiv dua thiab, nws txawv ntawm tus qauv tsim-tab sis nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm daim duab.
Qhwv -Up / Xaus
Yog tias koj xam qhov poob ntawm qhov hloov pauv kom raug, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab zoo txog:
Yuav ua li cas loj lub transformer,
yuav ua li cas rau load nws zoo,
thiab yuav ua li cas npaj kev saib xyuas ua ntej tej yam yuav raug nqi.
OC thiab SC kev xeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag - ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis niaj hnub transformer engineering feem ntau mus dhau qhov ntawd - siv cov ntsiab lus finite tsom xam los kwv yees tej yam xws li kev poob qis thiab kub - qhov kub thiab txias (qhov chaw tsis ua hauj lwm muaj feem yuav nkaum).
Nrog rau kev nce nqi hluav taws xob thiab cov kev xav tau zoo dua thoob ntiaj teb (xav tias DOE/EU-cov tswv yim pib), kev poob qis tsis yog "zoo rau" ntxiv lawm- nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig.
Cov kab hauv qab:nco ntsoov xyuas cov ntaub ntawv npe thiab ua raws li cov qauv zoo liIEC 60076: Uathaum koj xav tau ntawv pov thawj poob txiaj ntsig.
