Transformer ua haujlwm li cas? Basics & Theory Guide

Hloov pauvyog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas hloov hluav taws xob los ntawm ib lub voj voog mus rau lwm qhov uas siv cov khoom sib nqus, feem ntau thaum hloov hluav taws xob lossis qib tam sim no. Lawv yog lub hauv paus rau kev faib hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, ntsuas hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab suav tsis txheeb cov khoom siv niaj hnub vim tias lawv ua rau AC fais fab kis tau yooj yim, hloov kho, thiab tswj.

Phau ntawv qhia no piav qhia txog lub hauv paus ntawm transformer, lub hauv paus transformer txoj kev xav tom qab kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kauj ruam -nce, kauj ruam -down, thiab tam sim no transformers.

Lub transformer ua haujlwm li cas?

Lub transformer ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev siv alternating tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug coil los tsim ib tug hloovmagnetic teb, uas ces induces voltage nyob rau hauv lwm kauj. Thawj kauj yog hu ua thawj winding, qhov thib ob yog hu ua theem nrab winding, thiab ob qho tib si feem ntau raug mob nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais sib nqus uas coj cov sib nqus flux ntawm lawv.

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yogelectromagnetic induction. Thaum AC ntws los ntawm cov thawj winding, nws hloov tam sim no ua ib tug hloov magnetic teb nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais. Qhov kev hloov magnetic teb hlais hla lub voj voog thib ob thiab ua rau AC voltage nyob ntawd. Tsis muaj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ncaj qha ntawm cov windings nyob rau hauv ib qho yooj yim rho tawm transformer; lub zog txav los ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus.

Qhov no yog vim li cas transformers xav tau hloov tam sim no kom ua haujlwm zoo. Lub zog DC tam sim no tuaj yeem tsim cov tub ntxhais luv luv, tab sis nws tsis tas li tsim qhov hloov pauv sib nqus uas xav tau los ua kom muaj qhov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob winding.

Core transformer txoj kev xav hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim

Transformer txoj kev xav yog nyob ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov voltage, tam sim no, lem ntawm hlau, thiab sib nqus flux. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov lem nyob rau hauv thawj thiab theem nrab windings txiav txim seb lub transformer nce los yog txo voltage. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no feem ntau hu uatig ratio.

Yog hais tias lub thib ob winding muaj ntau lem tshaj lub thawj winding, lub thib ob voltage yog siab dua. Yog hais tias lub thib ob winding muaj tsawg lem, lub thib ob voltage yog qis dua. Nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo tagnrho transformer, lub zog yog kwv yees li kev txuag, txhais tau tias qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yog ua ke nrog kev txo qis tam sim no, thiab qhov txo qis hauv qhov hluav taws xob yog ua ke nrog kev nce tam sim no.

Nyob rau hauv cov transformers tiag tiag, qee lub zog poob li cua sov, suab, to flux, winding resistance, thiab core poob (Nyem rau kawm txog qhov poob ntawm transformer.). Txawm li cas los xij, zoo-tsim transformers yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo piv nrog ntau lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv. Lawv txoj kev khiav hauj lwm yooj yim yog ib qho laj thawj uas lawv tau siv dav heev.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm transformer muaj xws li:

Primary winding:Sab input txuas nrog lub hauv paus.

Secondary winding:Cov zis sab txuas nrog lub load.

Sib nqus core:Txoj kev uas concentrates thiab hloov magnetic flux.

Hloov ratio:Qhov sib piv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm tig ntawm txhua qhov winding.

Thauj khoom:Cov cuab yeej lossis Circuit Court tau txais lub zog los ntawm transformer.

Ntau zaus:AC kev khiav hauj lwm zaus uas lub transformer yog tsim.

Kauj ruam- nce transformers nce voltage rau kev hloov pauv tau zoo

Ib kauj ruam - nce transformer nce voltage ntawm thawj sab mus rau sab thib ob. Nws ua qhov no los ntawm kev siv ntau lem ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub thib ob winding tshaj nyob rau hauv thawj winding. Thaum tib neeg nug, "Yuav ua li cas nce qib transformer ua haujlwm," cov lus teb yooj yim tshaj plaws yog qhov sib piv winding pauv tam sim no rau voltage.

Qhov no tseem ceeb vim tias siab - lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov ntev nrog qis tam sim no rau tib lub zog. Tsawg tam sim no txo ​​qhov kev poob qis hauv cov conductors, ua kom ntev - kis tau tus mob ntau dua. Tias yog vim li cas cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab feem ntau nce siab ua ntej hluav taws xob mus los ntawm cov kab sib txuas.

Piv txwv li, yog hais tias ib tug transformer muaj ob zaug ntau lem nyob rau hauv lub thib ob winding raws li nyob rau hauv thawj winding, lub thib ob voltage yog kwv yees li ob zaug lub thawj voltage nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo tagnrho rooj plaub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov muaj tam sim no nyob rau sab thib ob yog qhov sib npaug qis dua, ib sab ntawm qhov tiag - ntiaj teb poob.

Ib kauj ruam - nce transformer feem ntau yog siv thaum:

Lub zog yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm zoo hla kev mus ntev.

Cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj AC voltage ntau dua li cov khoom muaj.

Ib lub voj voog xav tau qhov ntsuas qhov siab tsis hloov AC zaus.

Kev sib cais hluav taws xob kuj tseem siv tau rau kev nyab xeeb lossis kev tsim qauv.

Ib kauj ruam -down transformer ua haujlwm li cas?

Ib kauj ruam -down transformer ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv tsawg dua ntawm qhov thib ob winding dua li ntawm thawj winding, txo qhov voltage thaum nce tam sim no. Qhov no ua rau siab dua -voltage AC fais fab kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau ntau dua rau cov tsev, tsev lag luam, khoom siv, chargers, tswj vaj huam sib luag, thiab qis -voltage systems.

Kauj ruam-down transformers muaj ntau vim hais tias ntau yam khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem siv kev faib khoom lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Lawv xav tau qhov hluav taws xob qis dua uas haum rau kev tsim ntawm lub voj voog. Lub transformer muab qhov qis voltage los ntawm induction, thaum lub load rub lub tam sim no nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub transformer qhov ntsuas.

Hauv kev faib hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txo qis hauv theem. High kis tau tus mobvoltages raug txo rau kev faib khoom hauv zos, tom qab ntawd txo qis dua ua ntej mus txog qhov kawg - siv cov khoom siv. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txo qhov hluav taws xob AC ua ntej kho, lim, thiab kev tswj hwm.

Thaum xaiv lossis ntsuas cov kauj ruam -down transformer, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv yog:

Input voltage:Lub transformer yuav tsum phim qhov voltage.

Output voltage:Qhov thib ob voltage yuav tsum ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj load.

Kev ntsuas lub zog:Lub transformer yuav tsum ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev thauj khoom yam tsis muaj overheating.

Kev ntsuas zaus:Nws yuav tsum tau tsim rau AC zaus siv.

Isolation xav tau:Qee daim ntawv thov yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob sib cais ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov zis.

Kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig:Thaum tshav kub kub, enclosure hom, qhov cua, thiab lub luag hauj lwm voj voog txhua yam teeb meem.

Tam sim no transformers ntsuas tam sim no yam xyuam xim

A tam sim no transformer, feem ntau hu ua CT, yog tsim los ua kom txo qistam sim no proportional rau ib tug loj tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug conductor. Yog tias koj xav paub tias tam sim no transformer ua haujlwm li cas, nws siv tib txoj cai induction raws li lwm yam transformers, tab sis nws lub hom phiaj yog ntsuas los yog kev tiv thaiv es tsis yog lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab.

Hauv ntau CTs, tus neeg xyuas pib nqa cov ntsuas tam sim no ua haujlwm zoo li ib zaug - tig thawj winding. Qhov thib ob winding tsim ib tug me me tam sim no uas meters, relays, los yog saib xyuas cov cuab yeej nyeem tau yam xyuam xim. Qhov no cia cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov khoom siv saib xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob siab tam sim no yam tsis tau tso cov twj paj nruag ncaj qha rau hauv cov khoom siv tam sim no.

Tam sim no transformers yog dav siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob panels, utility metering, lub cev muaj zog tswj chaw zov me nyuam, tiv thaiv relays, thiab lub zog saib xyuas systems. Lawv pab txheeb xyuas overloads, faults, thiab kev ua haujlwm txawv txav. Vim tias CT cov tsev kawm theem nrab tuaj yeem tsim muaj qhov txaus ntshai yog tias qhib thaum muaj zog, lawv yuav tsum tau nruab thiab ua haujlwm raws li kev coj ua hluav taws xob tsim nyog.

Kev ua yuam kev poob thiab tiag - tus cwj pwm hauv ntiaj teb

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws transformer txoj kev xav yog pab tau, tab sis cov transformers tiag tiag muaj kev txwv. Copper windings muaj qhov tsis kam, yog li qee lub zog ua kom sov. Sib nqus cores ntsib hysteresis thiab eddy tam sim no poob. Tsis yog txhua qhov sib nqus flux txuas zoo kawg nkaus ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab windings, uas ua rau cov dej xau reactance.

Cov kev poob no cuam tshuam qhov loj me, tus nqi, kev ua haujlwm, qhov kub thiab txias, kev tswj hluav taws xob, thiab suab nrov. Ib qho kev hloov pauv uas muab cov khoom hnyav tuaj yeem pom qhov qis dua theem nrab dua li nws tsis muaj qhov hnyav. Qhov sib txawv no yog hu ua kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev siv hluav taws xob.

Core saturation yog lwm qhov teeb meem. Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis raug voltage, zaus, lossis waveform, cov tub ntxhais yuav tsis tuav cov hlau nplaum kom zoo. Saturation tuaj yeem ua rau ntau dhau tam sim no, cua sov, vibration, thiab ua tsis tiav.

Hom transformer hom thiab qhov twg lawv haum

Transformers tshwm sim hauv ntau hom, thiab txhua hom hloov kho tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau txoj haujlwm sib txawv.Fais fab transformerstuav ntau lub zog hauv kev sib kis thiab kev xa tawm.Fais fab transformerstxo qhov voltage rau kev siv hauv zos.Tswj transformersmuab kev ruaj khov qis voltages rau relays, contactors, thiab kev lag luam tswj.

Kev rho tawm transformerscais circuits kom txo cov hluav taws xob txuas ncaj qha.Autotransformersqhia ib feem ntawm winding ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov zis, ua rau lawv compact thiab npaum rau tej yam kev hloov voltage, tab sis lawv tsis muab tib qhov kev sib cais raws li ob-winding transformer. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog tam sim no transformers thiab voltage transformers, ntsuas hluav taws xob kom muaj nuj nqis rau kev ntsuas thiab kev tiv thaiv.

Txoj cai transformer nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, tsis yog qhov voltage piv. Ib tug technically raug voltage tso zis yog tsis txaus yog hais tias lub transformer tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau lub hwj chim ntsuam xyuas, rwb thaiv tsev chav kawm ntawv, kev pom zoo kev nyab xeeb, enclosure, los yog thermal muaj peev xwm.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog cov hauv paus ntawm transformer

Lub transformer yog yooj yim to taub raws li ib tug sib nqus choj ntawm AC circuits. Thawj winding tsim ib tug hloov magnetic teb, cov tub ntxhais qhia qhov chaw, thiab lub thib ob winding tau txais induced voltage. Qhov sib piv winding txiav txim seb lub transformer nce qib voltage, nqis nqis, lossis ntsuas tam sim no rau kev ntsuas.

Nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus siv tau:

Transformers ua haujlwm nrog kev hloov pauv tam sim no, uas yog vim li cas AC kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau feem ntau cov qauv.

Kauj ruam- nce transformers nce voltage thiab txo tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau lem piv.

Kauj Ruam -Cov transformers txo qis voltage thiab ua kom muaj tam sim no rau qib fais fab uas siv tau.

Tam sim no transformers scale siab tam sim no rau hauv ib qho kev nyab xeeb, ntsuas tus nqi.

Cov transformers tiag tiag muaj qhov poob, cua sov txwv, thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev teeb tsa.

Kev ntsuas tseem ceeb npaum li qhov kev xav; voltage, tam sim no, lub zog, zaus, thiab ib puag ncig yuav tsum sib haum rau daim ntawv thov.

Thaum cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no meej meej, kev ua haujlwm transformer ua tsis tshua muaj neeg paub. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom kawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, xaiv cov khoom siv, lossis teeb meem hauv Circuit Court, tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus siv: hloov pauv cov hlau nplaum hloov hluav taws xob, winding ratios zoo li voltage thiab tam sim no, thiab qhov tiag - ntiaj teb kev ntsuas ntsuas kev nyab xeeb.

Hu rau tam sim no