Fais fab Transformer Impedance: Ntsuas kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo

Koj puas paub lub sijhawm ntawd thaum tus neeg tawg rog taug kev hauv tsev thiab txhua yam tsaus ntuj? Kev ntxhov siab, tab sis feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem loj - tus breaker tsuas yog ua nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm me ntsis overload. Tam sim no xav txog qhov tib yam tshwm sim hauv lub Hoobkas loj lossis chaw ua haujlwm, tsuas yog "surge" yog ntau txhiab zaus loj dua. Dheev, koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cov rog uas tuaj yeem khoov busbars, tshuab kev sib txuas sib nrug, lossis phem dua. Thiab ntau ntawm seb qhov ntawd ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg me me ntawm lub npe transformer: qhov feem pua ​​impedance, lossis % Z.

Xav txog %Z ua ib qho ua tau - hauv kev nrawm nrawm hauv txoj kev hluav taws xob. Nws txoj haujlwm tag nrho yog txwv tsis pub ntau npaum li cas tam sim no tuaj yeem nrawm dhau thaum lub sijhawm luv luv. Tsawg%Z? Nws zoo li yuav luag tsis muaj pob dab tsi - tam sim no dej nyab los ntawm kev vwm. Siab dua %Z? Ntau lub pob loj dua, ua rau cov khoom qeeb qeeb, khaws cov kev puas tsuaj hauv kev kuaj xyuas.

Xaiv qhov yog %Z tsis yog qee qhov me me qhia meej- nws yog kev lag luam tiag - tawm uas cuam tshuam txog kev nyab xeeb, cov nqi khoom siv, thiab txawm tias ntev - ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tsawg impedance tuaj yeem ua rau koj zoo dua qhov hluav taws xob ruaj khov hnub - rau - hnub, tab sis nws txhais tau hais tias qhov txhaum tam sim no skyrockets, yog li koj yuav tsum xav tau beefier (thiab kim dua) breakers, fuses, thiab switchgear downstream los tuav nws.

Hauv kev teeb tsa hauv tsev, ib qho luv luv tuaj yeem mus rau lub breaker thiab qhov ntawd. Tab sis hauv kev lag luam lossis kev lag luam, nws zoo li lub pas dej tawg - tam sim ntawd, tso tawm lub zog loj heev uas yuav siv txoj hauv kev tsawg kawg thiab tsis quav ntsej txhua yam ntxiv. Qhov "dej" yog qhov luv luv -circuit tam sim no, feem ntau 10–25 zaug (los yog ntau tshaj) qhov qub load tam sim no. Cov hlau nplaum sib nqus los ntawm qhov tam sim no yog kev lim hiam: lawv tuaj yeem ua kom cov tooj liab tuav, rip terminals xoob, lossis ua rau tawg.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim qauv zoo? Khaws qhov txhaum tam sim no kom tsis txhob tawm ntawm tes. Thiab twv dab tsi? Koj thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim transformer nws tus kheej.

% Z yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm transformer lub internal kuj (feem ntau reactance, tab sis peb hu nws impedance) qhia raws li feem pua. Nws tau ntsuas thaum lub sij hawm luv luv - ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab muab lub cim rau ntawm daim ntawv teev npe. Tsawg %Z (hais 4–5%) txhais tau hais tias qhov kev tawm tsam tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov dej ntws tam sim no -zoo rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob, tab sis txaus ntshai yog tias muaj kev txhaum hits. Siab % Z (7-10% lossis ntau dua, nyob ntawm qhov loj) chokes lub nraub qaum tam sim no thaum muaj kev ua txhaum, ua rau tag nrho cov kab ke yooj yim los tiv thaiv.

Txoj cai yooj yim: qis dua %Z=siab dua tau luv luv -circuit tam sim no. Siab dua %Z=qis dua tam sim no, lub zog puas tsuaj tsawg dua los daws.

Siv ib qho qis -impedance transformer (nyob ib ncig ntawm 3-4% Z). Nws ua haujlwm tau zoo, qhov hluav taws xob nyob twj ywm pob zeb- khov kho raws li qhov qub, lub cev muaj zog pib ua haujlwm zoo. Tab sis txhaum? Brace koj tus kheej- qhov tam sim no tuaj yeem loj heev, tig cov foob pob hluav taws mus rau hauv cov foob pob hluav taws thiab xav tau hnyav heev - lub luag haujlwm iav los cuam tshuam nws yam xyuam xim.

Hloov mus rau siab dua impedance (hais 7-8% Z). Kev txhaum tam sim no poob ntau ntau- tej zaum ib nrab lossis tsawg dua- uas txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev tiv thaiv tus qauv, pheej yig dua. Lub kaw lus muaj kev nyab xeeb dua: tsawg dua arc-flash kev pheej hmoo (qhov qhov muag tsis pom, tso tawm hluav taws xob tawg), qis dua cov khoom siv vaporizing, thiab qhov txawv txav zoo dua rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob ze thaum kho.

Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi pub dawb. Siab dua %Z txhais tau hais tias qhov hluav taws xob poob me ntsis thaum cov khoom loj ncaws tawm hauv (xav tias lub elevator lossis chillers pib-teeb yuav flicker ib tug kov ntau). Tshaj li 20-30 xyoo, cov kev poob qis me me ntxiv rau ntawm daim nqi hluav taws xob ib yam nkaus. Nws yog classic engineering: kev nyab xeeb thiab qis dua kev tiv thaiv tus nqi vs. peak efficiency thiab nruj voltage tswj.

Qhov kev txhaum tam sim no yuav tsum tau tso tseg rau ib qho chaw - los ntawm breakers, relays, fuses. Cov dej nyab loj dua=xav tau loj dua, pricier "gates" tuav nws rov qab. Siab dua %Z txo cov dej nyab los ntawm qhov pib, yog li cov iav qis qis tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua qub (thiab pheej yig). Ntxiv rau, qhov kev ua txhaum qis qis txhais tau hais tias tsis tshua muaj kev kub ntxhov arc flashes- yeej loj heev rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Tsis tas li. Nws nyob ntawm seb koj lub tsev xav tau dab tsi. Lub tsev kho mob ua haujlwm super- cov cuab yeej kho mob rhiab heev? Tej zaum xav tau pob zeb- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li qis dua %Z tej zaum yuav yeej tawm (nrog beefed- nce kev tiv thaiv kom phim). Ib lub tsev khaws khoom ncaj nraim lossis chaw lag luam? Siab dua %Z feem ntau ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua-kev tiv thaiv pheej yig dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab qhov hluav taws xob me ntsis dip tsis yog qhov kev txiav txim siab -breaker.

Cov qauv zoo li IEEE / ANSI muab ntau yam (feem ntau yog 4-8% rau feem ntau faib / fais fab hloov), tab sis qhov kev xaiv zaum kawg los rau koj qhov tseem ceeb: pob nyiaj siv, uptime, kev ruaj ntseg regs, hom thauj khoom.

Lwm zaus koj nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tsim, sim cov no los txiav cov jargon:

Vim li cas peb thiaj tsaws ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb %Z rau peb qhov teeb tsa?

Nws tau hloov pauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg / kev ntaus nqi / tus nqi qis?

Yuav ua li cas koj ntsuas qhov txhaum tam sim no txo ​​qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob siab rau peb cov khoom?

Cov no tau txais cov neeg tham txog qhov cuam tshuam tiag tiag, tsis yog specs xwb.

Tus lej %Z me me no tsis yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb xwb- nws yog qhov kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov (lossis tame) luv luv Circuit Court, koj xav tau kev tiv thaiv dab tsi, nws yuav raug nqi npaum li cas, thiab qhov system muaj kev nyab xeeb npaum li cas. Thaum koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog lub hwj chim transformers, saib yav dhau los lub thawv hlau thiab pom lub tswv yim qab nws. Tau txais qhov nyiaj tshuav ntawd, thiab koj tsis yog txhim kho kho vajtse xwb-koj tab tom tsim lub pob txha hluav taws xob ntse dua, nyab xeeb dua.