Railway Transformer (Traction Transformer): Hom & Siv

Railway Transformer (Traction Transformer): Nws Yog Dab Tsi, Hom, thiab Nws Ua Haujlwm Li Cas

Dab tsi yog arailway transformer? Koj tseem yuav hnov ​​nws hu ua traction transformer. Yeej, nws yog cov khoom siv uas ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob siv tau rau cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov txheej txheem uas txhawb nqa lawv. Nws nyob qhov twg tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias - nws yog ib qho chaw nyob hauv ib qhotraction substationpub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog kev tsheb ciav hlau thib peb los ntawm kab sib chaws, lossis nws tau bolted rau lub tsheb ciav hlau nws tus kheej (locomotive los yog EMU), qhov twg nws nqis nqis uas gnarly overhead voltage yog li lub traction converter, motors, thiab tag nrho cov onboard auxiliaries yeej siv tau nws.

Tam sim no, ntawm no yog qhov khoom: cov no tsis yog koj lub vaj- ntau yam transformers. Cov kab hluav taws xob hauv tsheb ciav hlau yog kev ua phem heev - hnyav dhau, hloov tsis tu ncua, tsis yog - nres kev co, thiab kev sib raug zoo los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas yuav ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua. Yog li railway transformers tau ua kom tawv dua, ntse dua, thiab nrog rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.

Muab qhov yooj yim, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau (traction) transformer yog hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tsim rau kev tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob. Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb? Siv cov hluav taws xob siab thiab tso tseg rau qee yam khoom siv traction tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog. Tab sis nws tsis yog hais txog kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob xwb- nws tseem muab hluav taws xob cais tawm, ua si zoo nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv, thiab yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo xws li kev sib tw cyclic, kev sib haum xeeb, thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm txhua yam uas tuaj nrog thaj chaw.

Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim hauv ob qhov chaw tseem ceeb:

1) Traction Substation Transformer (Grid-Sab)

Qhov no yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm daim phiaj pej xeem thiab cov kev tsheb ciav hlau. Nws gig suav nrog:

 Stepping voltage nqis los ntawm theem kis tau tus mob (xav 66-220 kV) mus rau railway mov theem xws li25 kV AC.

 Pub ib los yog ntau seem ntawm cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm.

 Txhawb kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov txheej txheem kom ua txhaum cai tsis ua rau tag nrho lub cev poob.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau AC railways, koj yuav pom cov substations spaced nyob rau hauv txoj kev kom ceev voltage nyob rau hauv check li tsheb ciav hlau kos lub hwj chim.

2) Onboard Traction Transformer (Tsheb ciav hlau-Sab)

Nov yog qhov koj yuav pom ntawm AC tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob (25 kV AC los yog 15 kV ACnetworks). Hluav taws xob, nws zaum ntawm pantograph thiab traction converter - yog li cov saw zoo li:

Pantograph → Main Circuit Breaker → Traction Transformer → Traction Converter → Traction Motors.

Nws cov dej num tseem ceeb:

 Kev nqis peev hauv kab hluav taws xob mus rau qib uas lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tau.

 Muab ntau yam khoom siv thib ob- tsis yog rau kev sib tw xwb, tab sis kuj rau HVAC, compressors, roj teeb chargers, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab tswj lub zog.

Tsim nyog sau cia: tsis yog txhua lub tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob muaj ib qho.DC systems(ntxiv rau qhov hauv qab no) feem ntau tsis xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob onboard hauv tib lub siab.

Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, nws yogelectromagnetic inductionua qhov hnyav lifting:

Lub hauv paus winding siv nyob rau hauv siab -voltage AC.

Cov tub ntxhais sib nqus sib nqus uas lub zog rau ib lossis ntau qhov sib nqus windings.

Secondary windings xa cov voltages qis dua tab sis siab dua tam sim no.

Hauv kev siv railway, txawm li cas los xij, tus tsim yuav tsum tiv nrog:

 Kev hloov pauv ceev ceev (cov tsheb ciav hlau nrawm nrawm rub ib tuj tam sim no).

 luv - lub sij hawm overloads.

 Harmonicsthiabtsis yog -sinusoidal tam sim nolos ntawm cov traction converters.

 Thermal cycling- kub nce thiab nqis txhua hnub raws li kev pabcuam xav tau hloov.

Tus tsim ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau transformer yog nruj nreem khi rau qhov system voltage thiab zaus. Nov yog qhov ceev rundown:

1) Tib -Phase Traction Transformers (AC tsheb ciav hlau)

Feem ntau AC txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau khiav tau zoo ntawm ib qho -theem nyiaj siv ua haujlwm. Onboard transformers ntawm no feem ntau muaj:

 Ib qho - theem pib.

 Ntau qhov kev sib tw thib ob (traction + auxiliaries).

 Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm rwb thaiv tsev tshwj xeeb los daws cov kab hluav taws xob overhead surges thiab hloov cov xwm txheej.

2) Multi-Winding / Converter-Lub luag haujlwm Transformers

Cov tsheb ciav hlau niaj hnub cia siab rauIGBT-raws li converters. Yog li, theem nrab windings tau npaj rau:

 Pubrectifiers / invertersua tau zoo.

 Txo ripple thiab boost converter kev ua tau zoo.

 tuavharmonic cua sovzoo dua -vim hais tias harmonics yog mob taub hau tiag tiag.

3) Autotransformers Hauv 2 × 25 kV Systems

Ib txhia25 kvnetworks siv a2 x 25 kVautotransformer scheme txiav voltage poob thiab poob dhau ntev hauls. Hauv kev teeb tsa no:

Lub overhead system siv tus neeg xyuas pib feeder thiab catenary ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Autotransformers tau muab tso rau hauv txoj kev kom stabilize voltage thiab tswj cov xa rov qab tam sim no.

Tsuas yog kom paub meej: cov no tsis yog onboard traction transformers-lawv yog ib feem ntawmmuab khoom architecture.

4) Roj-Filled Vs Qhuav-Hom Onboard Transformers

Nyob ntawm tus qauv tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nyiam, koj yuav pom:

Roj - puv:Kev hloov hluav taws xob zoo, kev cog lus rau kev ntsuas, tab sis koj xav tau kev tuav pov hwm thiab hluav taws kub / kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig.

Qhuav-type/resin cam khwb cia:Tsis muaj cov kua dej, qhov kev pheej hmoo nchuav qis dua, tab sis feem ntau loj dua / hnyav dua thiab txias yuav tsum tau pom -rau.

Qhov kev xaiv "txoj cai" nyob ntawm cov qauv, qhov chaw, airflow, hluav taws kub- lub hom phiaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev tu ntau npaum li cas koj txaus siab ua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Railway transformers yog tsim rau lub neej rougher. Nov yog qhov ua rau lawv sib nrug:

Designs sib txawv, tab sis ib tug raug railway transformer muaj xws li:

Core thiab windings:Optimized rau efficiency, thermal kev ua tau zoo, thiab harmonic cua sov.

Rwb thaiv tsev system:Ua kom tiv taus siab -voltage impulse stresses thiab ntev - lub sij hawm laus.

Bushings/terminations:Robust txaus rau kev co thiab thermal cycling.

Cua txias system:Radiators, kiv cua, twj tso kua mis, los yog yuam- cua ducts nyob ntawm hom.

Instrumental:Kub sensors, roj-theem/siab li (rau roj- puv), thiab saib xyuas interfaces.

Mounting qauv:Tsim kom tau raws li kev tsheb ciav hlau poob siab thiab kev co specs.

Thaum cov engineers zaum los qhia lossis sib piv railway transformers, ntawm no yog qhov lawv tab tom saib:

Ua kom cov transformers noj qab nyob zoo txhais tau hais tias tsis tu ncua saib xyuas thiab kuaj. Cov kev coj ua uas muaj xws li:

 Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag (xws li, kis kab mob, txias txias).

 Rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv thiab winding kuj check.

 Kev ntsuas piv piv.

 Kev ntsuas kub thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub.

 Kev ntsuas roj rau cov roj- cov chav nyob (nqus, dielectric zog, acidity).

 Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) qhov twg siv tau -zoo heev rau kev ntes sab hauv ua txhaum thaum ntxov.

 Kev kuaj tawm ib nrab hauv qee qhov kev kuaj mob.

Cov kev pab cuam feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov kev cai hauv lub tebchaws -kev nyab xeeb ua ntej, pom tseeb.

Qee zaus mob taub hau:

Kub kublos ntawm kev ua haujlwm dhau los, kev ua kom txias tsis ua haujlwm, lossis kev poob qis.

Rwb thaiv tsev lausaccelerated los ntawm tshav kub, noo noo, thiab hluav taws xob kev nyuaj siab.

Loose kev sib txuaslos yog txhuas puas los ntawm kev co thiab thermal cycling.

Bushing / txiav tsis ua haujlwm-kev taug qab, kev sib kis, kev ntxhov siab hauv tshuab.

Roj degradation(oxidation, noo noo ingress) hauv roj-cov qauv tsim.

Pro tip: trend-raws li kev soj ntsuam- saib cov kev hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm- yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li qhov kev sim ib zaug.

Puas yog txhua lub tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob traction?
Tsis yog. AC tsheb ciav hlau feem ntau ua. Ntau lub tshuab DC tsis siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob onboard zoo ib yam li -txawm tias lawv tseem muaj cov iav hloov dua siab tshiab.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm traction transformer thiab ib txwm transformer?
Traction transformers yog lub hom phiaj- ua rau lub luag haujlwm railway- vibration, overloads, ceev load hloov, harmonics. Ib txwm muaj transformers tsis yog tsim los rau qhov kev tsim txom zoo li ntawd.

Dab tsi yog traction substation transformer?
Nws yog lub transformer ntawm lub substation uas nqis los ntawm kab hluav taws xob mus rau railway noj voltage (piv txwv li, 25 kV AC) thiab muab cov khoom siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm.

Lub railway transformer -los yog traction transformer, yog tias koj xav tau - yog ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov hluav taws xob railways. Txawm hais tias nws pub rau lub network los ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb lossis caij tsheb ciav hlau mus rau theem qis, nws qhov kev tsim yog txhua yam hais txog kev tuav cov khoom ntxhib: cov voj voog ntau dhau, kev sib raug zoo, kev co, qhov chaw nruj, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb nruj. Yog tias koj tab tom qhia, tswj xyuas, lossis tsuas yog sim ua kom lub neej zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ib qho, koj yuav xav lean ntawm ob qho tib si thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau - cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Nws tsis yog transformer xwb - nws yog ib tug transformer uas tau mus rau lub gym.

Hu rau tam sim no