Nkag siab txog Transformers: Vim li cas lawv thiaj txias txias (thiab yog vim li cas koj lub laptop muaj qhov cib chunky)
Puas tau pom tias koj lub laptop charger muaj qhov hnyav "cib" li cas, tab sis koj lub xov tooj charger tsuas yog me me ntsaws ntsaws? Hloov tawm muaj qhov qub qub tab sis ci ntsa iab invention qab nws: lub transformer. Nws yog qhov ncaj ncees ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyob ntsiag to uas ua rau peb lub ntiaj teb hluav taws xob niaj hnub no ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Qhov teeb meem loj nrog hluav taws xob yog tau txais nws los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob ntau pua mais deb ntawm koj lub qhov (socket) phab ntsa yam tsis tau poob rau feem ntau ntawm txoj kev. Cov kab hluav taws xob zoo li cov kav ntev ntev, tawv nqaij - thawb ntau dhau los ntawm lawv thiab lawv ua kom sov zoo li vwm, nkim tons ntawm lub zog raws li cua sov. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw transformer txuag lub hnub.
Nws cia cov engineers ua si nrog "siab" ntawm hluav taws xob (uas yog qhov hluav taws xob) yog li lawv tuaj yeem xa hluav taws xob mus ntev kom zoo, ces hu rau nws rov qab zoo ua ntej nws tsoo koj lub tsev. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov ua kom yuam kev no, peb daim phiaj hluav taws xob yuav yog kev khib nyiab heev (thiab ncaj ncees, zoo li tsis tuaj yeem ntawm qhov ntsuas).
Vim li cas peb tsis tuaj yeem txuas ncaj nraim rau hauv lub tshuab fais fab
Daim duab sim thawb dej los ntawm lub pas dej nyob deb mus rau koj lub nroog siv ib lub super- ntev, nyias lub vaj hose. Thaum lub sij hawm nws ncav cuag koj, koj yuav NW nyuam qhuav tau ib tug drip vim tag nrho cov kev sib txhuam. Hluav taws xob muaj qhov teeb meem tib yam li qhov kev ncua deb.
Txhua lub xov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv- nws zoo li "grabs" ntawm cov electrons ntws. Qhov ntau tam sim no koj shove los ntawm (siab dua amps), qhov ntau cua sov koj nkim. Yog tias peb sim xa lub nroog- theem hluav taws xob ncaj qha los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, feem ntau ntawm nws tsuas yog ua kom sov cov xov hlau es tsis txhob ncav cuag cov tsev. Cov neeg hluav taws xob thaum ntxov tau khiav mus rau hauv phab ntsa nyuaj, thiab nws yuam kom lawv muaj tswv yim.
Lub Ntse Kho: Siab Siab, Tsawg Flow
Hluav taws xob muaj ob yam tseem ceeb mus: tam sim no (qhov "ntws" lossis qhov txav txav) thiab qhov hluav taws xob ("siab" thawb nws). Lub zog nws tus kheej yog qhov tam sim no × voltage- yog li koj tuaj yeem xa tib lub zog ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv heev.
Ntau tam sim no + tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob=rog, dej qeeb (ntau qhov pov tseg nyob deb)
Tsawg tam sim no + high voltage=tawv, siab - dav hlau siab (txoj kev tsawg dua)
Cov tuam txhab fais fab tau pom tias: crank lub voltage txoj kev mus rau qhov ntev mus txawv tebchaws. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tam sim no qis dua, yog li txoj kev poob qis hauv cov kab. Ci ntsa iab, txoj cai? Tab sis tom qab ntawd koj tau txais super- siab- hluav taws xob hluav taws xob qw thoob plaws lub teb chaws - yeej tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas koj xav ntsaws rau hauv koj lub tshuab ci. Yog li peb xav tau ib txoj hauv kev los coj nws rov qab.
Nkag mus rau Transformer: Daim phiaj lub zog hluav taws xob
Lub transformer yog ib qho voltage changer. Tsis muaj qhov txav mus los, tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo nkauj hauv cov hauv paus -tsuas yog ob lub coils ntawm cov xaim qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau sib koom. Cov coils tsis txawm kov ib leeg. Yog li cas lub zog dhia ntawm ib mus rau lwm qhov?
Nws yog txhua yam ua tsaug rau electromagnetic induction + alternating tam sim no (AC). AC tas li tig cov kev taw qhia ceev ceev, uas tsim kom muaj kev sib nqus sib nqus nyob ib ncig ntawm thawj kauj (tus "primary"). Qhov kev hloov magnetic teb mus los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau thiab "shakes" electrons nyob rau hauv lub thib ob kauj ("secondary"), inducing ib tug tag nrho cov tshiab tam sim no. Hluav taws xob hla qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua yam tsis muaj xov hlau txuas rau lawv- zoo nkauj heev thaum koj xav txog nws.
Cov khawv koob piv? Muaj pes tsawg zaus txhua kauj raug mob. Ntau dua nyob rau sab thib ob=siab dua voltage tawm (step-up). Tsawg dua=qis voltage (theem-down). Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb. Kho cov lem, tswj lub siab.
Kauj ruam-Up vs Kauj ruam-Kawm: Ob Tus Cwj Pwm
Kauj ruam - nce transformersnyob ze cov nroj tsuag fais fab. Lawv coj cov hluav taws xob generated thiab boost nws mus rau vwm siab (ntau pua txhiab tus volts qee zaum) yog li nws tuaj yeem zip hla cov kab sib kis uas yuav luag tsis poob.
Kauj ruam -down transformersua qhov opposite. Lawv pib ua haujlwm thaum lub zog tau los ze dua- cov loj ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb tso rau hauv nruab nrab theem rau kev faib hauv nroog, tom qab ntawd cov me me ntawm koj txoj kev coj mus rau qhov paub txog 120V lossis 220-240V koj lub tsev siv.
Kev Taug Kev Tag Nrho: Lub Hwj Chim Loj → Koj Plug
Nws zoo li kev sib tw sib tw nrog voltage tes-offs:
Fais fab nroj tsuag tsim hluav taws xob → loj kauj ruam- nce transformers crank voltage ntuj- siab.
Siab - cov kab hluav taws xob (cov hlau loj loj nyob txhua qhov chaw) nqa nws ntau pua mais.
Mus txog koj cheeb tsam → substation nrog cov kauj ruam loj -down transformers txo nws rau hauv zos faib.
Cov kauj ruam kawg ntawm koj qhov thaiv → ncej-mounted can or green pad-mounted box drops to safe house level.
Koj tau twv yuav raug hu taug kev dhau los substations (loj fenced yards, "Danger: High Voltage" kos npe) yam tsis tau paub tias lawv yog cov kauj ruam loj heev -down hubs.
Pom lawv hauv koj lub zej zog
Saib ntawm cov ncej hluav taws xob-pom cov kaus poom grey cylindrical nyob ze rau saum? Cov no yog cov transformers faib rau ob peb lub tsev txhua. Hauv cov chaw uas muaj kab faus, lawv yog cov thawv hlau loj loj zaum hauv ib tus neeg lub vaj ntawm lub pob zeb. Tib txoj hauj lwm, txawv saib.
Lawv feem ntau hum ntsiag to - yog li qub. Yog hais tias ib tug pib ua suab nrov, npau taws buzzing, tab sis, nws yuav yog ntawm nws ob txhais ceg kawg.
Vim li cas lub Laptop Cib thiab Me Me Xov Tooj Charger?
Lub laptop chunky "cib" tsuas yog ib kauj ruam me me xwb -down transformer (ntxiv rau qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub). Nws yuav siv cov phab ntsa voltage thiab xa nws mus rau qhov koj lub laptop xav tau. Lub xov tooj chargers ua tib yam tam sim no, tab sis lawv yog qhov me me thiab ua tau zoo ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis zoo dua - tsis muaj cov tub ntxhais hlau hnyav hnyav ntxiv lawm.
Yog li lwm zaus koj ntsaws ib yam dab tsi, muab lub siab me ntsis siab -tsib rau lub transformer. Nws yog tus neeg nruab nrab uas tsis muaj suab npe uas tau ua ntsiag to ua rau peb lub neej hluav taws xob ua tau rau ntau dua ib puas xyoo. Zoo nkauj heev thaum koj nres thiab xav txog nws.
