Hom Transformers: A Down-rau-Kev Qhia Hauv Ntiaj Teb
Puas tau pom tias chunky yas cib ntawm koj lub laptop charger lossis lub tog raj kheej grey loj rau ntawm tus ncej fais fab? Lawv zoo li tho txawv, tab sis lawv tau ua qee qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb tom qab qhov xwm txheej. Cov no yog cov transformers, thiab tsis muaj lawv cov vwm - siab - hluav taws xob hluav taws xob qw los ntawm kab sib chaws yuav kib txhua yam khoom siv hauv koj lub tsev li ntawm ib nrab thib ob. Koj lub tshuab kas fes yuav pib ua lub foob pob me me.
Xav txog hluav taws xob zoo li dej hauv cov kav dej. Voltage yog lub siab. Fais fab nroj tsuag crank uas siab nce mus -ntau pua txhiab tus volts- tua lub hwj chim nyob deb deb yam tsis poob ntau dhau ntawm txoj kev. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem ntsaws koj lub xov tooj ncaj qha rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub ntawd - hose blast. Nws yuav zoo li sim sau lub zais pa nrog lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws siab- qhov khoom yuav pop tam sim ntawd.
Yog li yuav ua li cas transformers tame tus tsiaj nyaum yam tsis muaj qhov txav? Lawv siv electromagnetic induction- yeej yog "magnetic handshake." Hluav taws xob ntws mus rau hauv ib lub kauj thiab tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus. Ib lub kauj thib ob khaws cov teb ntawd thiab tig rov qab mus rau hauv hluav taws xob, tab sis ntawm qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, qis dua voltage. Qhov txias tshaj plaws? Ob lub coils yeej tsis kov, yog li qhov txaus ntshai siab - cov khoom hluav taws xob nyob twj ywm tag nrho ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hauv koj chav pw.
Qhov teeb meem pom tsis pom yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm yuav ua li cas feem ntau lub tsev hloov pauv hauv tsev ua haujlwm, txawm tias nws yog qhov chaw loj loj loj ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb lossis qhov me me faus hauv koj lub xov tooj charger. Tib lub physics, tsuas yog ntsuas txoj kev nce lossis nqis.
Kauj ruam-Up vs Kauj ruam-Kawm: Zoo li lub tsheb kauj vab rau hluav taws xob
Daim duab da dej paj nrog lub qhov hluav taws kub -tag nrho kev puas tsuaj. Yog vim li cas peb xav tau transformers hu rau "siab" nce lossis nqis. Txhawm rau txav hluav taws xob zoo hla ntau pua mais, peb nce nws txoj kev nce (high voltage, qis tam sim no). Tom qab ntawd, ze rau koj lub tsev, peb nqis rov qab kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb siv.
Nyob rau hauv, nws tsuas yog ob lub coils qhwv ib ncig ntawm ib tug hlau core. Qhov kev hloov hluav taws xob los mus rau qhovtig ratio-Yuav muaj pes tsawg lub voj ntawm cov xaim ntawm sab tswv yim vs sab tso zis.
Kauj ruam - nce→ ob peb tig ntawm cov tswv yim, ntau ntawm cov zis=siab dua voltage (xws li hloov mus rau ib lub iav loj kom caij nkoj ceev ntawm lub tsheb kauj vab)
Kauj ruam - nqes→ Ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tswv yim, tsawg dua ntawm cov zis=qis dua, tab sis muaj ntau dua tam sim no (xws li siv lub iav me me txhawm rau nkag mus rau toj siab)
Koj tsis tau txais lub zog dawb, txawm li cas los xij. Crank qhov voltage nce thiab tam sim no poob los ntawm kwv yees li tib qhov kev faib ua feem. Qhov yooj yim piv ua kom yuam kev, tab sis nws cia cov engineers qhib lub zog zoo kawg nkaus rau txhua yam ntawm koj lub phab ntsa wart mus rau tag nrho cov zej zog.
Cov Tub Loj vs Cov Neeg Zej Zos: Lub Hwj Chim vs Kev Tshaj Tawm Transformers
Tsav dhau ib qho ntawm cov fenced -tawm hluav taws xob yards humming deb? Cov ntawd yogfais fab mov transformers-cov lifters hnyav uas shuttle lub zog loj ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov nroog. Lawv tau tsim los khiav ze ntawm qhov qaij 24/7, yog li lawv tsim kom muaj cua sov loj thiab feem ntau muaj cov hluav taws xob loj, kiv cua, thiab roj twj tso kua mis kom ciaj sia.
Lub grey tuaj yeem ntawm tus ncej nyob ze koj lub tsev? Qhov ntawd yog ibfaib transformer. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog " mais kawg." Kev thov ntawm no dhia ib ncig zoo li vwm-txhua tus ua noj tshais ib zaug, AC ncaws tawm thaum lub caij sov sov- yog li cov khoom no tau tsim los tswj cov spikes thiab dips yam tsis muaj cov khoom txias txias. Lawv me me, tawv tawv tiv thaiv huab cua, thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ib phaus dua li cov neeg loj heev, tab sis lawv tsis tas yuav yog. Efficiency tseem ceeb dua thaum koj tsuas pub noj ob peb lub tsev xwb.
Tias yog vim li cas cov monsters yog loj heev thiab cov ncej sawv daws yuav kuj compact.
Vim Li Cas Koj Lub Xov Tooj Charger Tsis Buzz: Toroidal Transformers
Qhib lub tso suab qub los yog pheej yig amp thiab tej zaum koj yuav pom ib square-ish transformer uas hums. Tias yog vim li cas cov ces kaum ntawm cov square cores cia magnetic teb tawm, uas ua rau cov hlau vibrates thiab ua rau cov annoying 60 Hz buzz.
Smarter designs siv atoroidal(donut{0}}zoo li tus) core. Tsis muaj cov ces kaum ntse=yuav luag tsis muaj qhov to. Lub magnetic teb nyob twj ywm zoo nyob. Qhov tshwm sim?
Yeej ntsiag to
Ntau qhov me me thiab sib dua (feem ntau ib nrab ntawm qhov loj / qhov hnyav)
Tsawg cuam tshuam nrog cov circuits nyob ze (zoo rau lub iav suab)
Ua kom txias dua vim tias tsis siv zog tsawg
downside? Lawv yog cov pricier los ua, yog li koj feem ntau pom lawv nyob rau hauv siab dua -kawg electronics qhov twg ntsiag to thiab compact tiag tiag.
Isolation Transformers: Phab Ntsa Kev Nyab Xeeb (Tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kho mob)
Ib txwm transformers feem ntau qhia ib qho nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov zis. Zoo rau koj lub toaster, tuag taus hauv chav ua haujlwm. IbKev rho tawm transformerlov uas ncaj hlau txoj kev kiag li. Lub zog dhia hla ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus nkaus xwb- tsis muaj xov hlau txuas ntxiv. Nws zoo li kev sau ntawv dhau los ntawm lub qhov rais iav tuab: cov lus tau dhau los, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem ncav cuag thiab tuav lwm tus.
Qhov "galvanic cais tawm" no ua ob yam loj:
Nres qhov txhaum ntawm ib sab los ntawm kev poob siab rau ib tus neeg ntawm lwm tus (loj rau tus neeg mob kev nyab xeeb)
Blocks hluav taws xob suab nrov / spikes los ntawm daim phiaj messing li rhiab saib
Ntsuas Transformers: Ntsuas Tsis Tuag
Koj tsis tuaj yeem khi ib qho voltmeter ncaj nraim mus rau 100 kV kab. Nkag musntsuas transformers-lawv ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ntsuas qhov ntsuas - nqes qis ntawm qhov hluav taws xob lossis tam sim no.
Muaj peev xwm Transformer (PT)- kauj ruam qhov hluav taws xob loj mus rau qee yam xws li 120 V rau meters
Tam sim no Transformer (CT)- donut-zoo li tus, kab tseem ceeb hla lub qhov; hnov tam sim no ntawm magnetic teb thiab scales nws down
Super meej, vim hais tias lub 'meter' tsuas yog zoo li "qauv" nws pom.
Laminated Cores: Tuav lub rhaub Internal
Ib qho khoom siv steel tub ntxhais yuav tig mus rau hauv nws lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me ua tsaug raueddy dej ntws-swirling loops ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov hlau uas nkim zog li cua sov. daws? stack tons ntawm super-thin steel ntawv, txhua coated nrog insulating kua roj vanish. Cov laminations rhuav tshem cov swirls loj rau hauv cov me me uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Tsawg pov tseg tshav kub, ntau efficiency. Qhov classic transformer hum koj hnov? Feem ntau cov nplooj ntawv vibrating tawm tsam ib leeg.
Roj vs Qhuav-Type: Kev Xaiv Txias
Cov chav nyob sab nraum zoov loj feem ntau zaum hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov roj ntxhia tshwj xeeb uas nqa cov cua sov thiab insulates. Ua tau zoo heev, tab sis flammable -tsis zoo nyob hauv tsev.
Qhuav - homtransformers hla cov roj. Lawv siv cov cua vents + resin coatings + natural convection. Muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau cov khw, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob - tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog hluav taws kub -tab sis lawv loj dua thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov cua sov.
Tib-Phase vs Peb-Phase: Pulsing vs Smooth Power
Ib zaug -theem zoo li pedaling lub tsheb kauj vab nrog ib ceg - lub zog los hauv nthwv dej (60 zaug ib thib ob hauv ntau qhov chaw). Zoo rau lub teeb, TVs, koj lub fridge.
Peb-theem yog peb lub sijhawm pedals zoo kawg nkaus- ib txwm thawb. Super du, tsis muaj kev vibration. Factories, elevators loj, hnyav motors nyiam nws.
Feem ntau cov tsev tau txais ib zaug -theem taped tawm ib qho ntawm peb theem ntawm tus ncej. Cov chaw lag luam tau txais tag nrho peb.
Autotransformers: Thaum Koj Tsis Xav Tau Kev Sib Tw Tag Nrho
Ib txwm transformers=ob cais windings.
Autotransformers=ib qho txuas txuas ntxiv nrog tus kais qhov chaw raws nws.
Tsawg tooj liab, me dua, sib dua, pheej yig dua, siv tau ntau dua… tab sis tsis muaj kev sib cais. Cov tswv yim thiab cov zis yog txuas nrog hluav taws xob.
Zoo rau: mus txawv tebchaws voltage converters, kho me me voltage nco, mos- pib loj motors.
Daim ntawv teev npe ceev ua ntej yuav Transformer
Xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab koj tuaj yeem haus luam yeeb khoom kim heev lossis pib hluav taws. Nug koj tus kheej:
Cov input thiab output voltages tiag? Yuav tsum sib phim.
Tag nrho cov load yog dab tsi (ntxiv VA lossis watts ntawm txhua yam koj yuav ntsaws)? Ntxiv yam tsawg kawg 20-30% headroom.
Nws mus qhov twg? Sab hauv / sab nraum zoov? Dej / qhuav? Xav tau qhov thaiv kom raug.
Ib-theem lossis peb-theem? Tsis txhob sib tov.
Thaum koj pib pom lawv, transformers nyob txhua qhov chaw - ntawm ncej, hauv substations, hauv chargers. Lawv tsis yog khawv koob; lawv tsuas yog cov khoom siv sib nqus ntse ntse ua kom peb lub ntiaj teb hluav taws xob tag nrho tsis txhob tawg lossis tsaus ntuj. Zoo nkauj heev thaum koj xav txog nws.
