Substation yog dab tsi? Hom, Khoom siv, thiab Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Yog tias koj tau tsav dhau ib lub laj kab - tawm ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj cov hloov pauv loj, cov xaim hluav taws xob, thiab cov thawv hlau grey thiab xav tsis thoob tias qhov chaw ntawd ua li cas, koj tab tom saib ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, ib qho hluav taws xob substation yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob. Nws nce voltage nce lossis nqis, hloov circuits nyob ib puag ncig, thiab tiv thaiv lub kaw lus thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm kom hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov chaw fais fab mus rau koj lub tsev kom nyab xeeb thiab ntseeg tau.

Substation Txhais

Ib qho hluav taws xob substation yog ib qho chaw sib txuas sib txawv ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob. Nws sivtransformers, Circuit Court breakers, keyboards,thiab lwm yam iav los hloov qhov voltage, tswj qhov twg lub hwj chim mus, thiab kaw cov khoom sai sai yog tias muaj teeb meem.

Hom ntawm Substations

Transmission Substations

Cov no tuav cov khoom loj - siab dua voltages, feem ntau115 kV uathiab nyob ntawm seb koj nyob qhov twg. Lawv hais txog kev txav ntau lub zog ntawm cov cheeb tsam thiab ua kom cov kab ke ruaj khov.

Distribution Substations

Cov no coj lub zog los ntawm kev sib kis sab thiab nqis mus raunruab nrab voltagesuas muab cov zej zog, cov chaw yuav khoom, thiab cov chaw ua lag luam los ntawm cov kab noj hauv zos.

Hloov chaw nres tsheb (tsis muaj Transformer)

Qee lub sij hawm tib neeg hu cov chaw nres tsheb no ib yam nkaus, tab sis nruj me ntsis hais lus hloov chaw nres tsheb feem ntau yog hais txog skev ua khawv koob thiab kev tiv thaiv. Tsis muaj fais fab loj transformers rau kev hloov voltage. Cov kab tsuas yog txuas nrog, txiav tawm, lossis tiv thaiv.

Cov neeg sau npe substations (Renewables)

Cua ua liaj ua teb thiab cov nroj tsuag hnub ci lojsiv cov no los sib sau ua ke zog los ntawm kaum ob or pua pua ntawm cov turbines los yog inverters, nce mus rau kis tau tus mob voltage, thiab feem ntau muaj xws li ib co iav los pab nrog reactive zog thiab kab sib txuas.

Sab hauv vs Sab nraum zoov substations

Feem ntau cov laus lossis cov neeg nyob deb nroog nyob sab nraum zoov. Hauv cov nroog lossis cov chaw uas muaj qhov chaw nruj lossis nruj zoo li yuav tsum tau ua, koj yuav pom cov qauv tsim sab hauv lossis hybrid.

AIS vs GIS Substations

AIS sawv cev rau huab cua- insulated. Txhua yam yog spaced tawm nrog huab cua raws li lub insulator, yog li ntawd lawv coj mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov av. GIS txhais tau tias roj- insulated. Cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub thaiv npog hlau uas muaj cov roj insulating (SF ₆tau yog qhov kev xaiv classic, txawm tias lwm txoj hauv kev tau nthuav tawm ntau dua). Cov no yog cov compact ntau, uas yog vim li cas koj pom lawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog neeg coob coob.

Lub substation ua dab tsi?

Substations pib ua plaub txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb:

Lawvhloov qhov voltage- txawm txhawb nws kom lub zog tuaj yeem taug kev mus ntev yam tsis muaj kev poob loj, lossis poob qis kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov zej zog thiab cov tsev. Lawvhloov thiab cais circuits, uas txhais tau hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem xa hluav taws xob sib txawv los yog txiav tawm ib ntu rau kev kho yam tsis tau tua tag nrho cheeb tsam. Lawvtiv thaiv qhov system. Thaum muaj kev txhaum hits (a luv luv Circuit Court, ib tug downed kab, txawm li cas los xij), relays thiab breakers dhia mus rau hauv thiab cais qhov teeb meem yog li ntawd tus so ntawm daim phiaj tseem khiav. Thiab lawvsaib xyuas thiab tswjtxhua yam, feem ntau yog los ntawm SCADA cov tshuab uas muab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiag tiag - lub sijhawm pom qhov tshwm sim.

Qhov twg substations haum rau hauv daim phiaj fais fab

Xav txog daim phiaj ua ib txoj kev mus ntev:

Lub zog tau ua ntawm acog(coal, gas, nuclear, cua, hnub ci - tsis muaj teeb meem). Nyob ze,ib kauj ruam - nce substation lossis transformercranks lub voltage txoj kev mus rau lub sij hawm ntev mus txawv tebchaws.High -voltage kis kabnqa lub hwj chim ntawd mus thoob teb chaws.Transmissions substationspab tswj thiab xa cov hwj chim loj, qee zaum nws nqis me ntsis. Cesfaib substationspoob qhov voltage dua mus rau theem uas tuaj yeem pub cov kab hauv zos. Thaum kawg, me metransformers ntawm ncej los yog ntaub qhwvcoj nws mus rau hauv120/240V(los yog koj cheeb tsam twg siv) uas ua rau koj lub zogteeb thiab fridge.

Substations zaum ntawm tes -tawm cov ntsiab lus. Lawv yog cov chaw uas ua rau tag nrho cov saw hlau ua haujlwm.

Dab tsi yog Sab hauv Substation? (Main Components)

Nov yog cov kab ke ib txwm muaj, hauv lus yooj yim:

Fais fab transformers- cov loj uas yeej hloov qhov voltage

Circuit Court breakers- lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam hnyav thiab hloov hauv qab thauj khoom

Tshem tawm cov keyboards / cais tawm- feem ntau yog pom kev cais tawm thaum lub sijhawm tu (koj tsis qhib cov no hauv qab)

Busbars- cov hlau tuav lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas xa hluav taws xob hauv chaw nres tsheb mus rau ntau lub voj voog

Cov cuab yeej transformers (CTs thiab VTs)- lawv scale down the high currents and voltages so meters and relays can read them safely

Surge arresters- tiv thaiv xob laim thiab hloov hluav taws xob

Kev tiv thaiv relays thiab tswj vaj huam sib luag- lub hlwb uas txiav txim siab thaum twg yuav tsum tau mus rau lub breaker

Capacitor banks los yog reactors- pab khaws cov qib voltage uas lawv yuav tsum nyob

Daim phiaj av- lub network faus uas ua rau muaj kev txhaum tam sim no txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb thiab ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj kev phom sij

Tswj lub tsev, roj teeb, thiab kev sib txuas lus- qhov twg cov neeg tsav tsheb lub iav nyob, ntxiv rau lub zog thaub qab thiab lubSCADAtxuas

Kev tiv thaiv substation ua haujlwm li cas

Ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm - ib kab luv, ib qho khoom siv ua tsis tiav, tsob ntoo coj tawm tus neeg xyuas pib.Relayspaub qhov txawv tam sim no los yog voltage los ntawm covntsuas transformers. Lawv xa ib lub teeb liab mus txawv tebchaws, lubbreakerqhib, thiab ntu phem tau cais tawm thaum txhua yam nyob twj ywm. Tag nrho cov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm ib tug thib ob.

Vim li cas Substations ua suab nrov?

Tus hum tsis tu ncua uas koj hnov ​​yog feem ntau cov transformers - magnetostrictionhauvsteel tub ntxhaisua rau lawv vibrate me ntsis.Cov kiv cua txias thiab cov twj tso kua misncaws thaum tej yam kub hauv qab hnyav. Qee zaum koj yuav tau txais qee yamcorona suablos ntawm qhov siab- qhov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv huab cua ntub lossis huab cua pos huab.

Yog hais tias lub suab dheev hloov nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev loj - nrov buzzing, nruam arcing - hom suab nrov, thiab lwm yam . - tsuas yog hu mus rau qhov hluav taws xob. Tsis txhob mus poking ncig koj tus kheej.

Puas yog Substation Dangerous?

Lawv tau tsim nrog txheej txheej tiv thaiv:cov laj kab, xauv qhov rooj, ceeb toomkos npe, clearances, grounding, interlocks.Qhov kev pheej hmoo tiag tiag yog los ntawm cov neeg nce lub laj kab lossis mess nrog cov khoom siv.

Cov kev cai yooj yim: nyob sab nraum lub laj kab, hwm cov paib, thiab yog tias koj pom lub rooj vag puas, sparks, lossis ib yam dab tsi uas tsis zoo, qhia rau lub chaw siv hluav taws xob. Qhov ntawd yog nws.

Puas muaj kev nyab xeeb los nyob ze ntawm lub substation?

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim thiab khiav cov chaw no kom ua tau raws li cov cai uas siv rau hauv lawv cheeb tsam. Cov neeg txhawj xeeb txog lub suab nrov, lawv saib zoo li cas, thiab electromagnetic teb. Rau txhua qhov chaw - tshwj xeeb lossis kev noj qab haus huv- cuam tshuam, cov peev txheej zoo tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zos thiab cov chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv lossis cov koom haum tswj hwm. Kab lus no tsis yog ua ntaub ntawv kho mob.

Substation vs Transformer vs Switchyard (Quick Comparison)

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