Transformers Thiab Substation Cheebtsam piav qhia

Koj tau pom lawv tag nrho koj lub neej: cov kaus poom grey, cylindrical zaum saum cov ncej hluav taws xob hauv koj lub zej zog. Zoo tib yam uas peb tsis tshua mloog lawv, tab sis lawv ua ib yam dab tsi yuav luag tej yam yees siv uas tso cai rau peb lub neej niaj hnub nyob. Cov khoom siv no, lub npe hu ua transformers, yog cov neeg tsis paub zoo uas daws qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob mus rau koj lub tsev.

Hluav taws xob txav los ntawm cov xov hlau zoo ib yam li cov dej txav los ntawm cov kav dej. Yuav kom txav tau ntau lub zog rau ntau mais, cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob muaj zog heev "push," lossis voltage. Sim xa nws qis, tsev neeg- nyab xeeb siab yuav zoo li thawb dej thoob plaws lub tebchaws los ntawm lub vaj hose - feem ntau ntawm lub zog yuav ploj mus rau kev sib txhuam thiab cua sov. Qhov tseeb, raws li cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, yog tias peb muab ob npaug rau qhov hluav taws xob, peb tuaj yeem txo cov hluav taws xob poob los ntawm 75%. Yog vim li cas transformers yuav tsum tau txias; tuav lub zog zoo li no yog txoj haujlwm kub.

Thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas cov kauj ruam nce vs nqis nqis transformer ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj loj "theem- nce" nce qhov hluav taws xob mus rau theem siab kom nws tuaj yeem mus deb. Tab sis qhov siab - hluav taws xob siab yuav tshuab koj lub TV tawm ntawm lub thawv. Raws li lub hwj chim tau los ze zog rau koj, ib pawg ntawm "step-down" transformers ntawm substations pib txo qhov siab kom lawv tuaj yeem xa mus rau koj thaj chaw. Thiab qhov kawg grey tuaj yeem ntawm tus ncej sab nraum koj lub qhov rais yog qhov kawg, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Hauv lub thawv no muaj qee cov coils thiab qee cov roj txias, uas nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim transformer, ua qhov kawg "kauj ruam- nqis." Nws siv lub zej zog- theem voltage thiab txo nws mus rau qhov nyab xeeb, siv tau theem uas ua rau koj lub teeb thiab them koj lub xov tooj, ua tiav cov hluav taws xob zoo kawg nkaus.

Transformers yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws xob substation, tab sis lub hom phiaj tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw no ntau dua li qhov ntawd. Yog hais tias lub transformer yog ib lub iav hloov ces lub substation yog tag nrho cov tsheb sib tshuam. Xav txog nws raws li daim phiaj hluav taws xob hauv Grand Central Chaw Nres Tsheb: qhov chaw tsis khoom uas hluav taws xob tsis yog tsuas yog hloov mus, tab sis kuj tau txheeb xyuas, hloov mus, thiab xa tawm mus rau txhua qhov chaw sib txawv. Thiab ntawm no yog qhov tiag tiag khawv koob ntawm kev khiav xws li ib tug loj hluav taws xob daim phiaj faib system yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw.

Ib yam li lub chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau tsis khoom cuam tshuam nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm ntau lub nroog sib txawv, lub chaw nres tsheb cov cuab yeej siv saib xyuas lub zog los ntawm ntau qhov chaw - tej zaum ib qho chaw ua liaj ua teb nyob deb deb ntawm ib txoj kab thiab ze rau - los ntawm kev cog hluav taws xob rau lwm qhov. Los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov keyboards loj, nws ua haujlwm raws li kev tswj hwm huab cua rau cov hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem xa hluav taws xob mus rau ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb uas xav tau nws, rov ua lub zog nyob ib puag ncig qhov teeb meem, lossis sib xyaw cov peev txheej kom muaj cov khoom txaus txaus los npog qhov kev thov. Qhov kev txheeb xyuas tseem ceeb no yog vim li cas substations tau muab tso rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Lawv yog cov kev sib tshuam ntawm qhov loj, ntev -qhov deb "interstate highways" ntawm hluav taws xob thiab me me "lub nroog txoj kev" uas pab peb cov zej zog. Lawv yog cov tsim nyog tawm -ramp thiab interchanges uas ua rau txhua yam ua haujlwm. Tab sis nrog tag nrho cov hwj chim mus dhau ib qho chaw, yuav ua li cas yog tias muaj qee yam tawg, hais tias tsob ntoo ntog rau ntawm kab thaum muaj cua daj cua dub?

Qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb - tsob ntoo ntog, xob laim tawm tsam, lossis cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm - ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai hu ua qhov txhaum lossis luv luv. Xav txog tias nws yog ib qho xau loj hauv hluav taws xob tam sim ntawd. Tsis yog mus rau txoj kev npaj, lub zog loj ntawm lub zog sim ua qhov luv, ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab rhuav tshem txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog nws. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov kev puas tsuaj no, lub substation muaj nws tus kheej tiv thaiv: lub Circuit Court breaker.

Lawv txawv ntawm cov keyboards me me hauv koj lub tsev lub thawv tawg; cov no yog cov loj, super- cov khoom siv ceev ceev. Thaum pom qhov ua txhaum, lub substation Circuit Court breaker mus ncig yuav luag ib zaug, nres qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob los ntawm tes. Ua raws li qhov tsis siv neeg muaj xwm txheej ceev uas tam sim ntawd txiav tawm qhov puas ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm lwm lub network. Circuit breakers 'lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub chaw nres tsheb yog qhov ceev, tiv thaiv kev sib cais.

Tsis zoo li qub -fashioned fuse uas yog ib qho - lub sij hawm siv cov khoom uas yaj mus ua txhaum ib lub voj voog, cov tawg loj loj tuaj yeem rov pib dua. Tom qab cov neeg ua haujlwm siv hluav taws xob tau kho qhov kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag (xws li tshem cov ceg ntoo uas poob lawm), nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los rov pib dua lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tau txais lub zog rov qab. Qhov no muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm raws li kev hloov pauv, siab -voltage hloov yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj kab sib chaws. Yog tsis muaj lawv, ib qho txhaum yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam domino uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cheeb tsam. Tab sis cov high voltage switchgear Cheebtsam no tsuas ua hauj lwm thaum ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Yuav ua li cas lub substation khaws tag nrho cov hluav taws xob muaj zog muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev xaiv thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm ua hauj lwm? Thiab qhov ntawd yog dab tsi lwm tus hero unsung koj tau zaum pom ua ntej ua.

Hluav taws xob zoo li dej, nws xav nrhiav txoj hauv kev yooj yim mus. Cov kab hluav taws xob hlau yog cov khoom siv zoo heev, lawv yog txoj kev loj tshaj plaws rau hluav taws xob. Tab sis cov hlau loj loj txhawb nqa nws kuj yog tus neeg xyuas pib zoo, muab rau tib neeg txoj hauv kev yooj yim tab sis txaus ntshai kom nqis mus rau hauv av. Yog hais tias cov hlau nyob kov tus pej thuam, tag nrho cov zog ntawd yuav raug pov tseg thiab tus pej thuam yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij vim tias nws yuav raug hluav taws xob.

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov hluav taws xob "tshuaj," ib qho kev thaiv tshwj xeeb yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov pej thuam. Nws yog lub insulator txoj haujlwm. Koj tau pom lawv li cov pob zeb ceramic, iav, lossis polymer discs uas dai ntawm tus pej thuam caj npab. Cov khoom no raug xaiv vim lawv tsis zoo conductors ntawm hluav taws xob. Lawv ua haujlwm ib yam li cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov kav dej, ua kom cov hluav taws xob nyob hauv cov hlau uas nws yuav tsum nyob. Muaj ntau hom hluav taws xob insulators, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj ib yam khoom sib xws. Qhov siab dua qhov hluav taws xob, qhov siab dua qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau tawm, yog li koj pom ntau cov discs sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kab loj loj - ntau cov discs txhais tau tias muaj kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo dua. Cov chaw tseem ceeb no thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab hluav taws xob yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob khiav tawm. Tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias hluav taws xob tsis yog los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tab sis theej tawm tsam los ntawm saum toj no hauv daim ntawv ntawm xob laim?

Kev tawm tsam xob laim yog qhov ncaj qha rau ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob, txhaj ntau lab volts hauv ib microsecond. Lub Circuit Court breaker yog qhov zoo ntawm kev daws teeb meem uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub system, tab sis nws qeeb dhau los ua rau qhov kev tawm tsam sai, sab nraud. Rau qhov tshwj xeeb txaus ntshai no, substations muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb bodyguard - xob laim ntes. Lawv feem ntau yog siab, porcelain cylinders uas tuaj yeem pom nyob ib sab ntawm cov tshuab loj, ua kom saib xyuas qhov txaus ntshai uas los ntawm saum toj no.

Xav txog tus neeg raug ntes ua qhov kev tawm tsam xwm txheej ceev rau hluav taws xob. Raws li ib txwm muaj, nws tsis ua dab tsi; zoo ib yam li txoj kev kaw. Tab sis thaum qhov hluav taws xob loj loj los ntawm lub teeb ci los ntawm, tus neeg ntes tau tig mus rau hauv lub qhov rooj qhib. Surge diversion, cov txheej txheem no coj lub zog txaus ntshai kom muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim tawm los ntawm kev ua raws li txoj hauv kev ncaj qha mus rau hauv av thiab tsis txhob raug nqi transformers. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb coj lub zog puas tsuaj mus deb ntawm lub ntsiab lub zog ntws, ua rau nws txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Breaker yog qhov hloov pauv uas qhib kom nres tag nrho cov dej ntws, tus neeg ntes yog lub valve kev nyab xeeb uas hloov pauv qhov txaus ntshai tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog. Nws ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws transformer tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm xob laim yog ua rau cov kev sib tw loj, yog li lawv tsis ua rau ntau lab daus las 'kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsiab ntawm lub substation. Tam sim no peb paub yuav ua li cas substations raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txaus ntshai sab nraud, yuav ua li cas tshwm sim nrog tag nrho cov hwj chim tom qab nws tau coj mus rau hauv kev nyab xeeb?

Tom qab lub hwj chim tau ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv lub substation, nws yuav tsum tau teem thiab qhia. Xav txog lub substation yog lub tshav dav hlau tsis khoom; koj yuav tsis xav kom txhua lub dav hlau sim tsaws rau ntawm txoj kev khiav ib zaug. Qhov no yog dab tsi busbar yog rau. Busbar tsuas yog ib qho loj, hnyav - lub luag haujlwm cable - ib qho loj ntawm cov hlau uas ua haujlwm raws li qhov chaw sib tham. Tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob nkag mus rau qhov ntawd, tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm qhov ntawd, ib lub pas dej loj, tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Qhov centralization ntawm lub zog no yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb tom qab yuav ua li cas substations npaj lawv cov busbars.

Tau kawg, peb yuav tsum tswj cov dej ntws no. Peb yuav ua li cas thaum ib qho khoom siv xav tau qee yam haujlwm ua rau nws? Peb tsis tuaj yeem kaw tag nrho lub zog xwb. Qhov no yog qhov disconnect keyboards ua. Cov high voltage switchgear Cheebtsam no ua raws li loj drawbridges rau hluav taws xob. Thaum lub qhov hloov pauv tau qhib, muaj qhov chaw loj, pom tseeb ntawm huab cua uas hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem dhia hla, yog li ib feem ntawm lub substation yuav raug cais tawm thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg kho. Kaw txhais tau hais tias lub "choj" poob, thiab lub zog ntws mus dawb.

Thaum peb muab ob lub tswv yim no ua ke, peb tau txais qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub substation. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv daim phiaj tuaj yeem rov xa hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv cov keyboards los txuas lossis txiav ntau cov kab ntawm lub hauv paus busbar. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov hluav taws xob ncig ntawm ya nrog kev siv cov keyboards. Yog li ntawd lawv tuaj yeem nqa ib txoj kab hluav taws xob los kho thiab ua haujlwm kom zoo, uas ua rau txhua tus tsis muaj zog. Nws yog qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev faib nruab nrab (busbar) thiab kev tswj kom raug (switches) uas ua rau lub substation zoo heev. Lub sijhawm tom ntej koj mus dhau lub chaw nres tsheb, koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom no tawm sab nraud hauv qee yam hu ua huab cua- insulated tsim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub nroog loj, nws tuaj yeem haum rau hauv ib lub tsev hauv cov pa roj me me- insulated substation. Tam sim no koj paub tias leej twg lub ntsiab players yog, koj tuaj yeem pib pom daim phiaj tsis yog qee yam tsis paub, tab sis raws li qhov system uas koj muaj kev nkag siab txog.

Ua ntej, daim phiaj hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim raws li qhov tsis paub, tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus tau. Lub buzzing ntawd, fenced -tawm mev raws txoj kev loj tsuas yog ib pawg ntawm baffling hlau lug. Tab sis tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom nws rau qhov nws tiag tiag - ib qho zoo - pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm hnyav kom tau hluav taws xob rau koj. Los ntawm kev paub txog cov players tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem kawm txog seb cov chaw hluav taws xob ua haujlwm li cas.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub chaw hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tag nrho muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb:

Transformer: Lub iav hloov pauv rau qhov hluav taws xob nce lossis nqis.

Circuit Breaker: Nws yog "kev hloov pauv kev nyab xeeb" uas txwv tsis pub tej yam tsis raug.

Insulator: Tus 'tiv thaiv' uas ua kom muaj hluav taws xob muaj zog ntawm nws txoj kev.

Lightning Arrester: Lub bodyguard tiv thaiv xob laim.

Busbars & Switches: Cov 'cov thawj coj khiav tsheb' rau kev coj cov dej ntws ntawm lub zog. Lwm zaus koj tsav tsheb los ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb lossis saib ntawm tus ncej hluav taws xob, koj yuav pom nws. Tsis yog ib qho kev sib tw xwb, tab sis ib pab neeg ntsiag to, muaj zog ua haujlwm ua ke. Thiab koj yuav pom lub iav hloov, hloov kev nyab xeeb, cov neeg saib xyuas txhua tus ua lawv qhov chaw. Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi transformers thiab substation Cheebtsam ua, thiab yuav ua li cas cov invisible taug kev ntawm lub zog yuav pom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj ..

Hu rau tam sim no